ABSTRACT
Probiotics are dietary supplements containing potentially beneficial bacteria or yeasts. They are administered in different quantities that allow for colon colonization. These products help in stimulating health by promoting flora and also suppressing the pathologic colonization and disease spread. Initially, probiotics were used for the management of intestinal tract problems. But, nowadays its use has been proved in strengthening the immune system to combat allergies, stress, exposure to toxic substances and other diseases. There are few studies that reported anticariogenic effects of probiotics and their use in the treatment of periodontal disease and halitosis. However, data is still sparse on the action and role of probiotics in the oral cavity. More information is needed on the colonization of probiotics in the mouth and their possible effect on and within oral biofilm. The present review tries to briefly outline the potential role of probiotics in improving oral and dental health.
ABSTRACT
Meticulous plaque control on a daily routine basis is the single most important step to achieve good oral health. Herbal chewing sticks, commonly known as Miswak, are among the ancient and traditional oral hygiene aids popular in India, Pakistan, most of the Arabian countries, and several African countries. But nowadays, because of low cost, free availability, unique chemical composition, and spiritual beliefs, miswak is being used worldwide. A large number of studies have proved that miswak is as effective as, or even superior to the present day’s most common oral hygiene aid, i.e., toothbrush. The aim of this review article is to discuss various pharmacological and therapeutic aspects of miswak and also to compare the effectiveness of miswak with modern toothbrushes in terms of oral hygiene practice.